How To Choose Carabiners – Expert Advice
Choosing the Best Carabiner
Few tools are more helpful for hikers and campers than the humble carabiner. Originally a tool of rock climbers and mountaineers, carabiners are actually very flexible devices, which have proven useful for outdoor adventurers of all types, and you’ll surely want to add a handful or two of them to your gear collection. But, before you just start buying carabiners haphazardly, you’ll want to learn more about them. This will help you obtain the best carabiners for your needs and ensure that they provide the value you deserve.
What Are Carabiners?
Carabiners are essentially metal loops, which have a hinged gate that provides access to space in the middle of the loop. They function like a clip and allow you to connect a variety of different items together. Carabiners are also known as carabiner clips or carabiner keychains. Carabiners were originally used by German soldiers called carabiners, because they used carbine rifles. The soldiers would use the carabiners (originally called Karabinerhaken in German) to attach things to their belts, backpacks or bandoliers. Because they work very well with ropes, webbing and similar materials, they quickly became popular with mountain climbers and others who needed a safe way to connect ropes and other items. Carabiners are fairly simple devices, which only feature a few parts:- Metal Loop –Made from any of several different metals and forged in any of several different shapes, the metal loop serves as the foundation for the carabiner. Different portions of the loop have their own names: The long, straight length opposite the gate is called the spine, the length of metal between the spine and the gate is called the basket, and the tip of the basket – the portion that connects to the gate – is called the nose.
- Gate – The gate is a length of metal or wire that closes the opening in the metal loop. Gates come in a few different shapes, but most are essentially straight.
- Gate Pin – The gate pin is a spring-loaded metal rod that keeps the gate connected to the metal loop and serves as a hinge. Gate pins cause the gate to return to the closed position automatically.
- Gate Lock (optional) – Some carabiners contain locking mechanisms to prevent the gate from opening accidentally.
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Uses for Carabiners
As explained earlier, carabiners were originally designed to allow soldiers to clip things to their belts, and rock climbers began using them for clipping ropes to harnesses and similar tasks shortly thereafter. However, this is only the tip of the iceberg, and modern outdoor enthusiasts use them in a variety of ways. Some of the most notable ways they’re used include:- Clipping water shoes or sandals to the back of your pack so they can dry while you walk
- Using them to connect a water bottle somewhere convenient and easy to reach
- Connecting your hammock or your hammock mosquito net to trees
- Using them to hang lanterns from tree branches or tent canopies
- Clipping hiking sticks, Nordic walking sticks, trekking poles or similar tools to a backpack
- Using them to connect a food container to a bear wire
- Clipping a leash to your dog’s collar
- Clipping cooking pans together to make them easier to wash in a creek
- Connecting ropes to other items (including other ropes)
- Keeping wrenches, silverware or other tools together in a bundled set
- Using them with a bit of rope to create convenient clotheslines or quick-and-easy privacy screens
- Using them to hold tarps in a variety of shapes or positions
- Connecting a dry bag to your kayak
Carabiner Materials
Carabiners are made from one of three basic materials: steel, aluminum and plastic. Each material offers a different slate of benefits and drawbacks, and no choice is inherently better than the others – you must simply pick the best material for the intended application.
Steel
Assuming they are the same shape and size, carabiners made from steel are typically stronger than those made from aluminum or plastic. However, they’re also much heavier than those made from other materials. Consequently, steel carabiners are typically used in load-bearing situations, particularly those that require significant safety margins or involve a high degree of risk.Aluminum
Aluminum carabiners are typically the choice for low-risk tasks, but a few manufacturers do make ultra-strong aluminum carabiners with strength ratings that rival the best steel carabiners. Aluminum carabiners are generally lighter than steel carabiners, which means they’re extremely popular with backpackers, for whom every ounce is crucial.Plastic
Plastic carabiners are relatively new, and they are very helpful for clipping lightweight, low-risk items together. You certainly wouldn’t want to make a safety harness or scale a rock with plastic carabiners, but they’re a fantastic choice for clipping your sandals to your pack.Carabiner Shape
Carabiners, or carabiner clips, come with slightly different shapes to help make them well-suited for specific tasks. Shape is often a very important criterion for rock climbers to consider, but it isn’t as crucial for backpackers or hikers. However, there are a few basic lessons to learn from climbers regarding carabiner shape, to select the best carabiners for your needs.Oval
Oval was the original carabiner shape, and it worked well for the German riflemen for whom they were created. The oval shape helps to prevent loads from shifting around and allows the carabiners to hold more gear than other shapes of similar size. The oval shape doesn’t provide the strength that D- or pear-shaped carabiners possess, but this is rarely an issue for backpackers or hikers. The biggest drawback of the oval shape for campers is the limited size of the gate opening.D-Shaped
D-shaped carabiners have a long spine that gives the shape incredible strength and efficiency, as loads tend to pull directly along the strongest axis of the carabiner. Accordingly, they’re beloved by climbers and they typically have some of the highest strength ratings available. Also, their gate openings are larger than those of oval-shaped carabiners. The only significant drawback to D-shaped carabiners from a hiker’s perspective is their cost – they are generally more expensive than oval-shaped carabiners of the same size and composition.Asymmetrical D-Shaped
Asymmetrical D-Shaped carabiners, or carabiner keychains, are essentially D-shaped carabiners that have a small end and a big end. This allows them to retain a relatively high gear capacity and provide a very large gate opening while reducing the weight slightly by shrinking the opposite end. They aren’t quite as strong as standard D-shaped carabiners, and they’re even more expensive than D-shaped carabiners, but many hikers and campers prefer them over other shapes.Pear-Shaped
Pear-shaped carabiners are the heaviest and most expensive shape, and they lack the strength of D-shaped or Asymmetrical D-shaped carabiners. Accordingly, they’re primarily used for a few specific rock-climbing applications. They aren’t especially well-suited for backpackers, but that doesn’t mean they won’t provide the best choice for unusual or creative tasks.Shop Montem’s Selection of Carabiners
Carabiner Gates
Different carabiners feature different types of gates, which work best in different applications. The four primary gate types are listed below.- Straight -- Straight gates are made from a short length of metal tubing. Straight gates are the default choice, and they work well in most circumstances.
- Bent -- Bent gates feature an obtuse bend built into the metal tube. They are often preferred by rock climbers, as they are easy to clip onto a rope.
- Wire – Wire gates are lighter than straight or bent gates, and because of the way they’re designed, the eliminate the need for a separate gate pin, which further reduces the weight of wire-gate carabiners. For low-risk applications, there’s not much difference between wire and metal tube gates with regard to strength, although they aren’t always especially durable.
- Locking – Locking gates feature some type of sleeve, which slides or screws into place and prevents the gate from opening. Some carabiners feature automatically locking gates, while others use gates that require you to activate the lock manually. Obviously, locking gates are preferred anytime you are worried that a carabiner gate may open, or in situations in which the ramifications of an open gate would be tragic. Locking gates are heavier than the all of the other types of gates available.
Carabiner Strength and Carabiner Rating
As long as you select carabiners that are approved for climbing use, you don’t have to worry about carabiner strength ratings very much. Most camping-oriented uses will involve very light loads, which are far below the rated load capacity of climbing carabiners. It’s a good idea to bring along a few climbing-rated carabiners in case you need to rig up a safety harness or use it in some other high-risk application. But typically, low weight is a more pressing concern for hikers and campers, so most will prefer to use lightweight aluminum carabiners, rated for lower loads. Plastic carabiners are even useful for a variety of camping-oriented uses.Carabiner Color
Color is usually considered a frivolous distinction; but, while it certainly isn’t as important as shape, material or gate-style, color actually warrants a bit of thought when making your purchase. For example, you can use colors to help organize your gear and make it easier to find the things you need. You could use blue carabiners for cooking equipment, green carabiners for tools, and black carabiners for your sandals. You could also purchase carabiners that are all the same color so that you can quickly identify your gear and distinguish it from that of your companions. It’s also wise to consider the fact that lighter-colored carabiners will often be easier to find than earth-toned carabiners if you drop one on the forest floor.Carabiner Sizes
Carabiners come in a variety of sizes, and there isn’t much standardization across the product category. Accordingly, it is difficult to recommend “size 5” carabiners, for example. Instead, you’ll simply need to consider your needs and select the best size for the task. Because most camping applications involve relatively small and light items such as carbon fiber trekking poles, campers and backpackers will usually want carabiners at the small end of the spectrum. However, you’ll often find it helpful to purchase a few really big carabiners, to connect large or heavy items together.Picking the Best Carabiner for Your Needs
Again, the most important thing outdoor enthusiasts must do is to select carabiners that are well-suited for their specific needs. It’s impossible to describe the best carabiner for every application, but we’ll provide a few suggestions for common applications below.
| Application or Use | Best Carabiner for the Job |
| Clipping Sandals or Other Lightweight Items to Your Pack | Small, oval-, D-, or asymmetrical D-shaped carabiners, made from plastic or aluminum and featuring wire gates |
| Clipping Water Bottles or Other Frequently Used Items to You | Medium-sized, asymmetrical D-shaped carabiners, made from aluminum and featuring bent gates |
| Clipping Dry Bags (or Other Belongings) to Your Kayak | Large locking carabiners of any shape, made of aluminum or steel |
| Clipping a Food Container to a Bear Wire | Large locking carabiners of any shape, made of aluminum or steel |
| Clipping Your Lantern to Your Tent Canopy or a Tree Branch | Medium-sized, oval-shaped carabiners, made from aluminum and featuring wire gates |
| Connecting Ropes to Make Harnesses or Load-Bearing Rigs | Large D- or symmetrical D-shaped carabiners, made from aluminum or steel and featuring locking gates |
| Keeping tools or other items bundled and organized | Medium-sized, oval-shaped carabiners with straight gates |
| Connecting a Hammock to a Tree | Large, asymmetrical D-shaped steel or aluminum carabiners, with locking gates |
Carabiners certainly come in a dizzying array of sizes and shapes, and they’re made from different materials and provide a variety of different features. But don’t become overwhelmed – most camping applications involve relatively little risk, so function, ergonomics, and your own preferences should guide your choices.